University of California
College of Agriculture
Agricultural Experiment Station
Berkeley, California
STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT
TO
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT' STATION CIRCULAR 373
CALIFORNIA ASPARAGUS
ECONOMIC STATUS, 194 7
^
Sidney Hoos and H. Fisk Phelps
September, 194 7
Contribution from the
Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics
1.
Statistical Supplement to Agricultural
Experiment Station Circular 373
California Asparagus, Economic Status, 1947
Sidney HoosVand H. Fisk Phelps2/
The data presented in this report are basic for an
evaluation of the 1947 outlook for California asparagus. The
data have been used in an analysis of the asparagus situation
in California with special reference to the status in 1947.
Since that report, released separately, includes summary
tables and charts, the more extended and comprehensive data
are made available in this report for use by those individuals
interested in the detailed statistics.
CONTENTS
Charts Pages
Utilization £-4
Fresh shipments 5
Prices 6-8
Canned pack, carryover and shipments. 9-11
Tables
Acreage. 12-16
Production 17-19
Yield 20-21
Utilization 22-25
Fresh shipments 26-28
Prices 29-31
Canned pack, carryover and shipments 32-35
Summary of California Canning Asparagus Controls. ., 36-41
1/ Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Associate Econo-
mist in the Experiment Station and on the Giannini Foundation.
—' Associate on the Giannini Foundation and in the Experiment
Station.
Figure 1
Utilization of California
Harvested Asparagus Production.
1918-1945-
2.
w
O
150
125
I.I.
1 " ~t
/ \
' \
' I
/ >
1
^ / (
/
\ 1
l\ /
'\ ,\ ;
1
1
\
1 v/
1 / » / i
canned ■— :j „
i
;
\ / 1
75
/ i
<v
V
-
1
1
/
v\,
A / V\
50
i
rJ\>
\ /
/ V
/
25
-
/*s^_ fresh
/
frozen^
rv
1
i ..... i .... i ,
i
...t !. . 1
1920
1 op
1930
1935
1940
1941
Source c:
data: Table 7.
Asparagus production for canning in California increased reoidly from 1921
to 1929, After a sham dron in 1931 and 1932, production rose again through
1935 but not to its former 192S high. cince 1936, the yearly fluctuations have
been ?;reab, but the ^ener^l trend of production for canning hns been downward.
Production for fresh market showed n similar rise fror° 1922 to lr'7? as iid
canning production. Production decreased to 1938, rose again by 1941 bo almost
the 1932 peak, but has declined since 1941.
Reported production for frozen use began in 1937 but has not yet reached
a relatively significant volume.
i< i gu re £
Asparagus Production for Canning in California
and Other States as Per Cent of United States
Production for Canning
1934-1945
loo-
<i>
Oh
Source of data: Pased on Tables 6 and 7
Since 1934, California asparagus production for canning has become an
increasingly smaller percentage of the total United States production for
canning. Contributing about 90"? of the total production for canning in
1934, the State, in seven years, dropped to the oosition of supplying about
50^ of bhe production. rrom 19A1 on, the State has maintained this oosition,
with slight yearl-"' fluctuations.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of California, Davis Libraries
http://archive.org/details/statisticalsup37347hoos
Figure 3
Percentage Utilization cf California
Asparagus Production
1918-1945
4,
c
o
o
T3
O
t-.
C
XJ
<a
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K
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x:
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o
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[<ro :
80
40
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60 ' I
,
20 1
i
i
o L
Source
i-'
! |
Fresh
l
■
i
I
I I
Canned
1920
of data
1925 1930
Eased or. Table 7 .
1935
1940
er •-
I -
"1 j
i i
i i
] 9 4 '
The percentage of California harvested asparagus production utilise-1, for
canning increased from 1918 to 1922, and then decreased, with yearly fluctuations,
to 193°. After 1932, the per cent used for canning rose to a slightly higher
level, and since then has remained at about 60^ of production.
The percentage of production moving into fresh market has shown an opposite
movement to the percentage used for canning. The fresh market proportion decreased
to 1929, then increased until 193?-, nni shortly thereafter returned to about
35/o of harvested production where it has remained relatively constant.
Reported movement of California production into frozen channels beg°.n in
1937, but has not yet represented an appreciable proportion of the States
asparagus production.
5.
Figure 4
Car lot Shipments of Fresh Asparagus
in California and the United States
1920-1945
45
40
50
<D
u
-o
C
-
25
£
C
.1-1
20
«
15
10
r
/\
-
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\
-
A \ A
' A
Un:
.ted ---
•,/\A,
/ V'\
77
\ 1
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."703
/\/\
' 1
L
1
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\ \ / /
\ /'
\\ /y\
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•
CalD fornia
!
1 i_
1 ■
1
;, , 1 . 1 , .
1.
1
1 1
.. 1 ■
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
Source of data: Table 8.
California carlot shipments of fresh asparagus increased steadily from 1922
to 1932. From 1932 to 1933 there was a sham decline in shipments, followed
by t. increase up to 1940. Since 1940 California shipments have decreased
steadily
United States shipments have followed an almost identical pattern as Cali-
fornia shipments. During the period from 1920 to 1945, California shipments
have made un an increasingly greater ner cent of the total United States shipments
Figure 5
6.
California Season's f>vera™,^ Farrf; Price
for Fresh Market and Processing A soar a "-us
1918-1946
1
1920
1925
1930
15S5
194 0
194'
Source of data: Based or. Table 10.
The California farm erice for fresh market asparagus evidenced great
lotuations between 1913 and 1934. After a slight decrease in 1920 and 1921,
it rose ranidly to 19 22. then decreased sharply to 1997, After rising again in
1923 and 1930, the price decreased rapidly to less than half the 1920-23 level
From 1934 on, with the exception of the decreases in 1933, 1944 and 1945, the
price increased steadily to a new hir;h in 1946.
The farm price for processing asoarar;us has shown less violent yearly
fluctuations. After a downward trend from 1913 to 1932, the price has risen
steadily, except for 1333 «md 1932, to about twice the 1913-20 level
Fi gu re 6
California Asparagus Pro duet ion for Fres^ Market
pnd Season' s Average Farm Price for Fresh Market Asparagus
1918-194-5
7.
X
c
w
O
c
0.
G'.
o
300 1
250
200
— 150
100 -
50 1
• -
1/
/
\.^
Production for
Fresh Market
0
1920 1925 1930
Source of data: Tables 4 and 10.
1935
1940
i i
i ft
! i I
/ I
! I
1945
rs.oo
50
03
2.00^
\ °
Ll50 &
i £
! o
■L00°
\50
The price y^er crate received by California farmers for fresh market
asparagus has. in general, moved in the opposite direction from California
production for fresh market. After a brief rise and fall the price rose
sharply to a high in 1923 while production decreased slightly. '.s production
began increasing rapidly up to a high in 1932, the price drooped sharplv, rose
some in 1923 and 1930, and then continued on down to a low in. 1934. After 1932,
production began decreasing with great yearly fluctuations to 1959, while the
price rose to 1937 and likevd.se dropped in 193G . From 1939 on, the price in-
creased sharply to 1943, leveled off and rose again in 1946; production increased
also to 1941, but thereafter began decreasing with strong yearly fluctuations.
Figure 7
California Asparagus Pro due '"ion for Processing and
Season's Average Far*] Price for Processing Asparagus
1918-1946
8.
w
G
o
M
C
o
H
1920
1925
IP 30
1935
1040
1945
Source of data:
Table 10.
"roduction data fro- Tables 7 and 11; price dats from
The orice received by California farmers for processing asparagus h*<s in
eral, "■ended be follow the movement of production for processing use. Both
price and production increased and then decreased from 1913 bo 1921. As
production increased rapidly from 1921 to 1929, price rose, dropped and rose
again, bhough no"; to the 1918-21 level. Both price and production decreased
from 1930 bo 1932 nnr! then increased to 1936. Production dropped a pa in to
1941 end rose subsequently so that by 1046, the 1929 hi--1^ point wns almost
r ac 1. Since 1936, price has rise" sharply, and the 194*6 season orioe reached
a le-^el of ^183.00 per ton.
* Total production for commercial processing
9.
Figure 6
Canned Pack of Regular White and
All-Green Asparagus in California
1930-1946
9. ^o
5000 \
w
XI
c
ed
U
o
+->
c 1500
aj
1000
500
\
Regular /
White /
/
/
/ \/
\
\
\
\/
'All-Green
\ /
/
1930
1935
1940
1945
Source of data: " Table 12; nrior to 1934 sane source as noted in Table I?.
The canned pack of regular white asparagus in California has been decreasing
gradually since 1930. The sharp decrease to 1932 was followed by a partial
recovery un to 193G . and then gradually continued the downward trend. tHiring
the period, 1930-46, the yearly fluctuations in the neck have become less and
less violent.
The California pack of all-green asparagus in 1933 was more than double the
1930-3? level, and remained relatively constant at the higher level through 1941.
Beginning with 1942, it has increased rapidly, exceeding the regular white rack
durinr- the last two years .
10.
0]
-a
c
w
3
a)
*->
o
•a:
3 COO
3700
2400
2100 "
1800 -
1500 *
1200 •
900
GOO
300
0
Figure 9
Canned Asparagus Pack
in California, New Jersey 1/ and Illinois 2/
1934-1946
California
\
\— —
>\
./
\ t
V
11 ev Jersey _
y
Illinois ■'
1935
Source of data: Table 1°
1940
1945
The canned pack of asparagus in California increased from. 1934 to 1936, then
decreased to 1933. Since 1938, the pack he s beer gradually increasing.
The New Jersey canned pack increased steadily from 1934 to 194°, leveled
off end then decreased slighbly in 1945, but in 1946, the rack increased to the
previous 194° high.
The canned pack in Illinois increased gradually to 1937, then leveled off
through 1941. After 194.1, the pack rose to a new high level which it maintained
through 1946 .
\J Includes small quantities from Delaivare and Maryland.
2/ Includes small quantities from Indiana, Iowa and Nebraska.
Figure 10
United States Shipments of Canned Asparagus
to Civilians and to Fxoorts end ":ar Services
Seasons l/f 1934-35 to 1946-47
11.
0)
C
a
EQ
5.0 h
4.0
.0
2.0
1.0
/I
/
"X
Tot^ 1
Shipments
/
/
\.
/
\
/
it Export and i
y/ar r Services
7/ / //
/
1945-
46
Source of data: Table 14
Domestic shipments of cpnned asparagus into civilian channels increased
gradually from 1934-35 to 1942-43, followed a downward trend to 1945-46, and
increased sharply in 1945-4*7.
Shipments into export channels and to war services were relative!*/ constant
until 1937-33. A decrease to a new level followed which lasted through 1941-42.
Shipments then increased to a level more than twice that of the middle 30' s,
finally declining bo thq level cf 1946-47,
Total U. S. shipments of canned asparagus have evidenced three distinct
levels. The first level was fron 1934-35 to 1938-39, the second from 1939-40
to 1941-42, and the third from 1942-43 to 1946-47. Since 1942-43, the level
of shipments has been about 50$ higher than during the period of 1934-3 5 to
1938-39.
y March-February, 1934-41; April-March, 1942-46.
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36.
Summary of California Canning Asparagus Controls
The following material has been comoiled and made available in
summary form for the benefit of those readers of Circular 373, "Cali-
fornia Asparagus, Economic Status, 1947, who are particularly interested
in the control programs. Although no program was in effect and opera-
tive for California Canning Asparagus during 1946, production and market
conditions during the next several years may encourage the reinstitution
of various types of orders and programs. In view of such possible de-
velopments, the following summary is presented.
1933. — Faced with a prospective crop considerably lareer than that
of the previous year, California growers and packers proposed formation
of a central clearing house to market the harvest and take care of the
expected surplus. It proved impossible to bring all factions into agree-
ment, however, and the plan was dropped.
1934* — No regular federal marketing agreement was used, but the
California canners operated under government license, and were controlled
by a committee which fixed the pack at 1,900,000 cases, set the season
opening and closing dates, and established minimum prices to the growers.
1935 .-- A Triple-A marketing agreement was used this season. It set
the pack at 2,250,000 cases, and established opening: and closing dates.
The agreement was based on a schedule of minimum prices to growers which
became the going prices for the season.
1936 . — Asparagus was governed by the first agreement drawn up under
the California Marketing Agreement Act, chapter 677, passed by the 1935
Legislature. The agreement covered 27 canners and affected 303 growers
of asparagus in California. It provided for the impartial grading of all
asparapus for canning and limited the packing season to not more than 90
37.
days. Only No. 1 grades of white and preen could be oacked. The pack-
ing period began shortly after April 1 and continued to June 30, 1936.
During this period, 2,349,661 cases were canned, which was considered by
the Industry Board not to be in excess of trade requirements. Ail in-
ferior and cull asparagus was segregated from deliveries and disposec of
in noncommercial channels, so that the general level of quality of the
pack improved. Also, at the beginning of the season the percentage of
the daily cut delivered to canneries was regulated, thus preventing gluts
in fresh markets. No growers* prices were set, nor was the size of the
pack limited in quantity.
1937. -»- The Marketing Agreement and license for the industry cover-
ing the 1936 crop terminated on March 15, 1937. A new agreement and li-
cense became effective April 13, 1937, for the 1937 crop, and terminated
with the statute (of 1935) on September 30, 1937. Two hundred and eighty-
four growers and twenty-two canners were affected, A variable opening
date was provided for, and the length of the canning period was limited
by a season's closing date. Only No. 1 white and green asparagus could
be packed. Grading requirements further set the minimum diameter of as-
paragus stalks from 3/8 to 7/16 inches, and limited the green tip on white
asparagus to 1| inches with a tolerance of 5 per cent. An Industry Board
was established which supervised the inspection and assisted the state
Director of Agriculture in the administration of the program.
1938.-- Under the California Marketing Act of 1937, a Marketing Or-
der for this industry was made effective by the Director on April 27, 1938.
The Order provided principally for grading and inspection of the 1938 pack,
and for setting up an Advisory Board. No limitation of the quantity of the
pack or the packing season was provided.
Under the Agricultural Prorate Act, the 1938 pack was set at 1,800,000
38.
cases as the compromise figure after growers had petitioned for control.
The total audited pack for the season was 1,796,377 cases. There was no
price-fixing in the agreement.
1939.-- The Marketing Order, under the California Marketing Act of
1937, became effective April 27, 1939, for the 1939 season only. This
Order provided only for grading and inspection for both white and gritn
asparagus as well as for strained foods, and had no direct bearing on
either the length of the canning season or the size of the pack. The As-
paragus Adivisory Board administered the order. Under the Agricultural
rrorate Act, the program committee fixed the canned asparagus pack at
1,850,000 cases, exclusive of soups, purees, etc. A suit brought against
the program by one packer was dismissed.
1940.-- The yearly Marketing Order, under the Marketing Act of 1937,
became effective April 18, 1940, to cover only the 1940 season. Again
it established minimum grading requirements for both white and ?reen as-
paragus, as well as for strained foods grade, and provided for the inspec-
tion of all asparagus delivered to canners . The Asparagus Advisory Board
administered the order as in previous years.
Under the Agricultural Prorate Act the legal pack limit was set at
2,175,000 cases of canned asparagus, exclusive of canned strained aspara-
gus. A closine date, June 30, 1940, was set but the limit of permissible
deliveries was reached on June 25 and deliveries ceased at that time. How-
every producers whose beds had been severely flooded were permitted to deli-
ver for cannine until June 30, thus increasing the pack approximately 5,000
cases over the legal limit. No grower prices were fixed.
1941.-- Under the Marketing Act, the Marketing Order for canning as-
paragus for the year was set up as of April 17, 1941. About 435 growers
and 22 canning firms were affected. The Order again provided for the
39.
establishment of minimum grading requirements for white and green and a
strained foods grade; for inspection of all asparagus delivered to the
canneries; and for an Asparagus Advisory Board to administer the control.
The Asparagus Proration Program for Asparagus Proration Zone No. 1— con-
tinued in effect duringr the 1941 season, with authority to fix the maxi-
mum seasonal pack and set a closing date for deliveries for canning.
However, the Proration Frogram Committee for the Zone recommended that
there be no limitation of the quantity delivered for canning; and further
that June 20 be set as the final date for such deliveries to safeguard
the quality of the canned pack, recognizing that asparagus harvested late
in the season tends to yield a lower-quality pack; The Prorate Advisory
Commission approved these recommendations and ordered no deliveries after
June 20. Grower deliveries were considerably curtailed by a strike of
workers from May 9 to May 23, and by flood and seepage losses.
1942,^- The Marketing Order for the 1942 season became effective
April 19, 1942, directly affecting about 325 growers and 21 canning firms.
As for the previous five years, it provided for the establishment of a
No. 1 grade for the various types of aspara-us, inspection of all canning
deliveries; and an Advisory Board of growers and canners to assist in the
administration of the Order. The Marketing Program of Asparagus Proration
Zone No. 1 continued in effect during the 1942 season with provision for
grades for canning asparagus, limitation of pack, end establishment of a
closing date for deliveries. For the 1942 season the Program Committee of
the Zone recommended to the Director that there be no limitation of the
quantity which might be delivered for canning, end that June 30 be estab-
lished as the final date for deliveries in order to preserve the beds and
1/ Yolo, Sacramento, Solano, Sutter, Contra Costa, and San Joaquin
counties .
40.
to obtain a better canned product. The Director's order fixed the final
delivery date as recommended.
1943.-- The seventh consecutive yearly order for canning asparagus
issued under the California Marketing Act of 1937 became effective April
12, 1943. Its provisions were identical with those of 1942, ~nd it af-
fected about 358 growers and 21 canning firms. The Marketing Program of
Asparagus Zone No. 1 under the Agricultural Prorate Act likewise contained
the same provisions as in 1942. The Program Committee recommended, how-
ever, that no program be undertaken for the 1943 season, in view of the
uncertain labor conditions and government orders relative to the pack and
disposition of the final product. The Director approved this recommenda-
tion as well as the committee's recommendation that funds available to the
committee be retained to be used to start the operation of the program in
the 1944 season, if deemed advisable. The total audited pack was 2,070,760
cases.
1944. — The eight consecutive yearly order for canning asparagus be-
came effective on April 24, 1944, and contained the same provisions as
previous Marketing Orders. Under the Agricultural Prorate Act, the Program
Committee for Zone Ncl did not consider it necessary to operate the pro-
gram during the 1944 season, and the Director concurred. Thus again there
was no limit on the pack and no closing dste for deliveries, though the
grading and inspection requirements, and the Advisory Board were still op-
erative ,
1945.— Under the California Marketing Act of 1937, the ninth con-
secutive yesrly Order for canning asparagus became effective on April 14,
1945. As previously, the Order provided for establishing No. 1 grades of
the various types of asparagus, insepction and grading of all asparagus de-
livered for canning, and an Advisory Board composed of 5 producers and 5
41.
canners to assist the Director in the administration of the Order. The
Asparagus Proration Program was still in effect but not operative for
the 1945 season. The total pack amounted to 2,479,952 cases and was
greater than the 1944 pack. The indicated support prices for cannery
asparagus .remained at the 1944 level, namely 7 rents per pound for white
and 8 cents for green. Prices paid by processors were varied and the
weighted average for the season exceeded support price levels.
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